Handley Page Type W
The Handley Page W8, W9 and W10 were British two- and three-engine medium-range biplane airliners designed and built by Handley Page.
The W8 (also known as the H.P.18) was the company's first civil transport aircraft. It housed two crew in an open cockpit and 15 passengers in an enclosed cabin. Powered by two 450 hp (336 kW) Napier Lion engines the prototype first flew on 4 December 1919, shortly after it was displayed at the 1919 Paris Air Show at Le Bourget. It has the doubtful distinction of being the world's first airliner to be designed with an on-board lavatory. The W8 was subsequently revised to give the W8b, W8e (H.P.26), W9 (H.P.27) and W10 (H.P.30)
Developments
W8b
To meet an Air Ministry ruling the capacity was reduced to 12 passengers and the fuel tanks were moved. In 1921 the Air Ministry ordered three aircraft for use by Handley Page Transport. These were built as the W8b and powered by the Rolls Royce Eagle IX and operated by Imperial Airways on services to Paris and Brussels.[1] Another aircraft was delivered to SABENA in 1924 and three more were license built by SABCA in Belgium.
W8e
To reduce the risks involved with engine failure, the W8e was developed with one 360 hp (270 kW) Rolls Royce Eagle IX in the nose and two 240 hp (180 kW) Siddeley Pumas in the normal position. The first W8e was sold to SABENA, who had ten more built in Belgium by SABCA.
W8f and W8g Hamilton
One three-engine W8f was built with cabin heating (using air circulated around the hot engine exhausts).
The W8f was modified in 1929 as the W8g with improved tail and rudder design from the W10 and the third engine was removed and the other two replaced with the Rolls Royce Eagle IX.
W9a Hampstead
Was a three-engined version with more powerful 385 hp (290 kW) Armstrong Siddeley Jaguar IV radial engines. It was operated by Imperial Airways and created a record on the London-Paris route of 86 minutes. In 1926, the engines were replaced by three 420 hp (310 kW) Bristol Jupiters. The aircraft moved to Australia but was destroyed by an accident after nine months.
W10
A twin-engined variant with the 450 hp (340 kW) Napier Lion for Imperial Airways (four built).
Other variants
- Handley Page W/400 : The original company designation.
- W.8 : Prototype.
- W.8c : 1923 version fitted with two Rolls-Royce Eagle IX piston engines.
Use
When Imperial Airways introduced the Handley Page HP.42 in 1931, the W series aircraft were retired. Aircraft were used by private operators for display and joy riding, but the most important development concerned the two surviving W10s which were converted to tanker aircraft by Sir Alan Cobham.
Accidents and incidents
- On 10 July 1923, W.8 G-EAPJ Duchess of York of Handley Page Transport crashed at Poix, Marne, France.[2] Flying from Croydon to Paris it made a forced landing due to engine problems, after landing it ran into a sunken road and was destroyed, the pilot and mechanic were thrown clear and none of the seven passengers were injured.[3]
- On 21 October 1926, W.10 G-EBMS of Imperial Airways ditched in the English Channel 18 nautical miles (33 km) off the English coast. All 12 people on board were rescued by FV Invicta.[4]
- On 15 February 1928, W.8 G-EBBG Princess Mary of Imperial Airways crashed at Abbeville, France.[2]
- On 17 June 1929, W.10 G-EBMT City of Ottawa of Imperial Airways ditched in the English Channel whilst on a flight from Croydon to Paris with the loss of seven lives.
- On 31 May 1930, W.9a VH-ULK of the Ellyou Goldfields Development Corporation crashed into a mountain near Salamaua, Papua New Guinea.[2][5]
- On 30 October 1930, W.8 G-EBIX City of Washington of Imperial Airways crashed at Neufchâtel-Hardelot, Pas-de-Calais, France.[2]
- On 22 September 1934, W.10 G-EBMM Youth of New Zealand of Sir Alan Cobham's National Aviation Displays crashed at Aston Clinton, Buckinghamshire, United Kingdom.[2] The airliner was being used as a tanker (it had extra fuel stored in the rear cabin) and was returning from Portsmouth to Coventry after a mid-air re-fuelling of an Airspeed Courier aircraft being used by Cobham for a long-distant flight to India. The Youth of New Zealand had just departed from Heston Aerodrome after being refuelled when it crashed into a field killing all four crew. The Inspector of Accidents concluded that the probable cause was a fracture of a main bolt that secured the bracing wires of the front spar to the tailplane. The failure of the bolt would cause a loss of control, failure of the bolt was probably fatigue. The aircraft had been involved in an early accident when the tailplane had been swopped from another aircraft but after 50 hours of flying since the repair it was not thought that the bolt had been disturbed. [6]
Operators
- Australia
- Ellyou Goldfields Development Corporation
- Belgium
- United Kingdom
Specifications (W.8f)
Data from British Civil Aircraft since 1919 Volume 2[7]
General characteristics
- Crew: Two
- Capacity: 12 passengers
- Length: 60 ft 1½ in (18.33 m)
- Wingspan: 75 ft 2 in (22.92 m)
- Height: 17 ft 0 in (5.18 m)
- Wing area: 1,456 ft² (135.3 m²)
- Empty weight: 8,600 lb (3,910 kg)
- Loaded weight: 13,000 lb (5,910 kg)
- Powerplant: 1 × Rolls Royce Eagle IX V-12 water-cooled piston (in nose), 360 hp (269 kW)
- , and 2 x 240 hp (179 kW) Siddeley Puma engines (between wings)
Performance
References
Notes
Bibliography
- Barnes, C. H. Handley Page Aircraft Since 1907. London: Putnam & Company, Ltd., 1987. ISBN 0-85177-803-8.
- Clayton, Donald C. Handley Page, an Aircraft Album. Shepperton, Surrey, UK: Ian Allan Ltd., 1969. ISBN 0-7110-0094-8.
- Jackson, A.J. British Civil Aircraft since 1919 Volume 2. Putnam & Company, Ltd., 1973 (2nd Edition). ISBN 0-370-10010-7
External References
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